上一篇我們以經濟學相關內容的閱讀理解為例，向大家解析了傳統閱讀的解題技巧，在這篇“必殺技”中，我們依然用實體文章向 09年考生講解閱讀理解的解題方法與技巧。下面以選自于萬學·海文教研中心研發的《2009考研英語閱讀理解技巧標準全書》中的一篇與醫學相關的篇目為例，教你掌握閱讀理解中新題型的解題“必殺技”。
閱讀新題型—— 段落排序題
醫學篇
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45. you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The second, the fifth and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 .(10 points)
[A]The Thorax paper doesn't specify the illnesses that may result from weakened lung function, though there is evidence that a rapid decline on the order of those recorded in the study's most hostile subjects can lead to lung disease, heart disease, and even early death. The study's strength, Wright says, is that it uses an interdisciplinary approach involving psychology and medicine, and relies on objective measures of both hostility and lung function.
[B]The researchers' next steps are to look at whether the effects of hostility are reversible, and to conduct a similar study of a group of younger people, to get a sense of how early these effects can be seen. “We can intervene later,” says Kubzansky, “but wouldn't it be nice if they never get there in the first place?”
[C]Rosalind Wright, assistant professor of medicine at Harvard, notes that the lungs have been neglected in part, because there’s no clear-cut event like a heart attack to show evidence of their decline. But Wright and her colleagues, drawing on new data, say doctors need to pay more attention to lung function and talk about it with at-risk patients.
[D]Stress headaches, stress fractures, and stress-induced heart attacks are already well known to the general public. Now new research suggests that the lungs are vulnerable to the effects of stress as well.
[E]The results, despite their objectivity, may not entirely please doctors, whose time with patients is already tight. “Clinicians look for: ‘You have it or you don't,’” says Wright's fellow author Laura Kubzansky, an assistant professor in the department of society, human development, and health at the Harvard School of Public Health. “Psychological factors are not so simple. You can't say, ‘Oh, this is a non-hostile person’ in the way that you can say, ‘This is a nonsmoker.’ It makes the whole endeavor harder.”
[F]Recently, in the journal Thorax, they published one of the first studies to show that hostility is a risk factor for poor lung function among older men. The researchers found that men who were more hostile at the outset of the study suffered a more rapid rate of decline in their lung function than others. Moreover, the study found that damage to lung function from hostility was comparable to the amount of damage done by cigarettes, an effect even the investigators were surprised to see. That means, says Wright, “Just as smoking can hurt your lungs, harboring hostility may be harmful.”
[G]The researchers analyzed data from a long-term study of 670 men aged 45 to 86 whose hostility and lung function were measured several times during an eight-year period. Lung function was assessed using a spirometer, which measures subjects’ lung capacity and rate of airflow when they blow into a tube. Hostility, defined as a personality trait that leads to chronic anger, was measured by a widely used true-false questionnaire that assesses mistrust, resentment, and suspiciousness.
[H]Both Wright and Kubzansky say that this research has made them more focused on how people become hostile in the first place. “It changes the way I parent,” says Wright, who is the mother of two children. “When they get furious, I’ll sit down and have a conversation with each of them—one I wish I could have had myself when I was young—about how anger at his brother affects him, and about how it affects his brother.”
（一）答題步驟及方法
1.精讀題目已經給出的首尾段落，推測所要選填內容談論的中心。
由于排序題對邏輯嚴密性要求，一般來說，選填內容的5個段落邏 ¼­ 性較強，所談論內容的中心單一，一旦通過首尾句判定出選填內容的中心，那么在下一步的通讀選項中就會有意識的確定每個選項內容和中心的關系，方便下一步對題目的正確解答。
2.通讀選項，了解每個選項內容，確認選填部分內容明確的中心并勾畫出每個段落中的特征詞（特征詞分析見第一節選擇填空內容），根據特征詞排定大概順序。
3.再次精讀題目已給出的首段內容，根據其內容和結合西方語言習慣確定41號空選填內容 。
一般來說，東方人的思維是螺旋型的，西方人則多為直線型。他們在論述一個觀點或因果關系時，先直接拿出論點（雖然有時候會引用其他觀點作為引出自己觀點的鋪墊，但對于自己陳述的主要觀點部分還是按照先有論點后有論據的順序進行篇章布局）或結果，然后再去引用論據或原因闡述，這個在歷年真題的閱讀文章中有較好的體現（本題中的C項和E項）。
41空的正確選填對于整個排序題至關重要，因為它一方面關系到考生答題狀況（如果考生第一個空都難以作答，自然會感覺全身緊張，緊張直接影響考試發揮狀態，這不是命題人所希望看到的），另一方面也給出后面選項的答題思路。這一空一般不難，而作為已¾­給出的首段內容必然含41空的選填暗示，考生需要好好分析給出的第一段內容，從選項中找出與之可以承接的內容。
4.根據41空內容和文中關鍵詞，以及選填內容的中心確定42。
5.結合文章中心，對剩余三個選項內容進行對比，確定45空的選填內容。
一般來說，在剩余的三個選項中，45空作為選填內容的結尾段落，其內容的確定比較容易，這也遵從由易到難逐個擊破的答題策略。
6.對最后兩項進行對比，通過選項內容或選項中的關鍵詞來判定最后兩項的排序。
總的來說，5個選項的一般難度分布為41空難度最小，其次為42空，再次之是45空，最難的就是43空和44空，但一旦前面叫容易的三個空解決掉了，后面的兩個空也自然迎刃而解。
7.最后一步，文章補充完整之后，檢查整個文章的邏輯關系是否合理。
（二）試題分析（技能應用）
第一步，找到題目給出文章中已給定的最前面的一段和最末的一段，大概了解文章講述的內容。
從給出的C項我們大概知道本文講述的主要是有關lung的問題；而給出文章結尾的B項好像談到的是hostility的影響，兩者聯系起來我們可以隱約的感覺到本文可能是講hostility對lung的影響（當然，這里如果不能把這兩者內容聯系起來也不要緊，我們可以繼續從下面找線索）。
第二步：按自然順序通讀余下選項A、D、E、F、G、H，了解各選項的內容，勾»­出各項中的可以反映出上下關系的關鍵內容，如：一些關鍵詞、中心詞等（尤其關注每段段首和段尾句，因為它們起著承上啟下的作用，答題的關鍵信息一般藏在它們之間），并勾畫出已在題目中排好順序的選項。
通讀各選項內容，在通讀過程中可以很輕松的判斷出D項的位置，從D的內容看，它是第一次引入文章談論的中心話題the lungs，故41空應該選D。然后，我們分別畫出余下選填內容A、E、F、H的關鍵信息。A中的關鍵詞有The Thorax paper，E中關鍵詞有the results、despite their objectivity、Laura Kubzansky（從選項的內容上我們可以判斷出該人物是在這一段第一次出現，下文中如果出現同一個人物是我們判斷段落順序的關鍵，因此我們把第一次出現的人物也作為關鍵詞），F中關鍵詞有the journal Thorax、they，H中關鍵詞有Both Wright and Kubzansky、this research。
第三步，通過中心詞或其他有關聯的詞把含義內容靠近的選項歸在一起，確定選項的順序 。
從中心詞和關鍵詞我們可以看出，A、E、F、H都是圍繞Wright and Kubzansky的研究成果展開的內容，其中A、E、F是圍繞the paper的內容，H中的both 顯然是對the paper最后的總結，故H應該放在A、E、F的后面，由此可以得出45空應該選H。對于A、E、F，由于F是第一次引出the paper的內容，因此F應該放在A、E之前，由此確定42空應該選F。再對比余下的A、E項，從A、E中含有共同相關的objective內容我們可以判斷出A應該在E之前，故43空應該選A，44空應該選E。
第四步，把文章整體閱讀一遍看邏輯關系是否合適。
從選填的內容我們可以看出，文章主要講述醫學工作者發現 Hostility（敵對情緒）對肺部健康的影響。文中首段提出壓力會導致肺部疾病，第二段到第七段圍繞hostility（有時用形容詞hostile）使用醫學工作者的新研究結果來證明敵對情緒對肺部健康的影響。最后一段提出未來研究方向。行文嚴謹，邏輯嚴密。
總之，當你熟悉了新題型的解題思路，通過平時的訓練以及對真題的研讀，掌握了它的考查重點、命題規律后，這種題型的難度自然就降低了。正所謂的熟能生巧！
（節選自萬學海文《2009考研英語閱讀理解技巧標準全書》）