考研英語新題型淺析(七選五)

　　唐宇

　　鑒于該項目的不確定性和不可預測性，在該項目上無需投入過長的時間和過多的精力，并且鑒于該部分提供了三種備選題型，復習中也難于有的放矢。從2005，2006兩年真題來看，試題仍選擇的是7選5。因此基于歷年真題，對應對新題型的思路和技巧做一下分析，希望能對大家備考2007年考研英語起到拋磚引玉的效用，不足之處，還望見諒。

　　大綱要求：主要考查考生對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征以及文章結構的理解。從大綱要求來看，介紹非常簡略，因此可以認為選擇搭配題是對考生閱讀能力考查的一種補充，旨在從語篇銜接角度考查考生銜接文章的能力(題型1、2)，或是從語篇理解角度考查考生概括段落大意或是理解段落內容的能力(題型3)。

　　應試分析：解決選擇搭配題，技巧可長篇大論，也可言簡意賅。與其我們追求紛繁的技巧，不如靜心分析一下究竟該題型側重考查的方面。基于對語段特征和文章結構的理解的題型，不要求我們像在其他項目中對詞匯語法等細節處進行分析，而在于如何迅速而準確地把握語段的主體概念。因此，選擇搭配題的解題中心思路就在于明確文中語段和選項語段的主體概念，繼而通過尋找文中語段和選項語段主體概念的搭配，從備選項中篩選可能選項，進一步排除從而得出正確答案。

　　另一方面，和確定主體概念具有等同效果的是確定特殊細節，諸如時間、人名、專有名詞等，也可以確定選項出現的可能位置和順序。

　　操作步驟：

　　下面以2006年真題為例，說明以上內容在具體應試過程中的操作。

　　On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.

　　He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.

　　(41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

　　In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.

　　(42) ______________.

　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.

　　(43) ______________.

　　The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

　　(44) ______________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

　　(45) ______________.

　　Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on——you might say addicted to——revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.

　　(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　(C) By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

　　(E) David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.

　　(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

　　相對來講，確定句子中的主體概念一般是明確主語，(1)當句子的主語是從句或是過長短語的話即是明確從句或是短語中中心詞，(2)當句子是主系表結構且主語過長時即是表語，(3)當句子主語為代詞或出現特殊代詞(such，that等)時則說明存在銜接，需留心。

　　確定特殊特殊細節包括：(1)大寫字母——人名、地名、專有名詞等(2)數字——時間、金錢等(3)特殊符號，如冒號，引號等。

　　通常選項較短的情況下確定選項的主體概念要更為容易，可以在選項中標注出一部分主體概念再在整篇閱讀中帶著確定的概念在文章中確定主體概念。

　　通過如上分析，我們不難發現，

　　(41)中備選項有A，C

　　(41)出現在段首，必然和后文主體概念對應，因此選項的主體概念應為he(Williams)，因此A和C候選。

　　(42)中備選項有A，E

　　(42)較為困難，因為該位置的上下內容不明顯，上文的結尾出說“the letter said that...”，因此下文內容可能與信的內容銜接，而信的內容中主體概念仍為he；下文中出現“The Wall Street Journal reports that...”，銜接內容也應為報導內容中的主體概念，而其中的主體概念為casino(賭場)，而同時出現兩個主體概念的只有A，因此正確選項確定為A。由此進一步確定(41)的正確選項為C。

　　(43)中備選項僅有B，E

　　(43)較為困難在于其上下內容同樣缺乏明確主體概念，不過鑒于已經在之前確定的和在下面排除的選項，備選項只有B和E，而E的第二句“But don't bet on it.”和下文無法銜接，而B中的主體概念“lure”和“will”均出現在上文的特殊細節中，詞匯的重復出現說明B為正確選項。

　　(44)中備選項僅有F

　　(44)出現在該段首，因此要與后文構成銜接必然在主體概念上對應，而后句的主體概念為society(社會)，符合的選項僅有F。

　　(45)中備選項有D，G

　　最后一段首句的主體概念是states(州)，而在選項中能與states對應的概念只有government，因此D，G選項為備選，而G選項中出現了online gambling(在線賭博)，而該概念僅在最后一段中出現過，并且不是中心概念，僅是句中的細節內容，不構成語篇銜接，因此正確選項為D。

　　因此正確的答案順序為：C A B F D