We here highly resolve that these dead should not die in vain-that this nation, under god, shall have new birth of freedom——and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the world. (譯文:我們在此立志誓愿,不能讓他們白白死去——要使這個國家在上帝庇佑之下,得到新生的自由——要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致從地球上消失。)
在本句中,“We here highly resolve……”是整個句子的主句,作者通過“that”引導“that these dead should not die in vain”,“that this nation,under god,shall have new birth of freedom” ,“that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the world.”等三個從句,那么在最后一個從句之前還用了“and”這個連接詞將幾個從句連接起來。而如果沒有“that”,“and”這幾個連接詞,句子就會松散不堪。
再比如漢語說“他不來,我不走。”這句話包含了兩層意思,完全通過意義聯系起來,兩分句之間不用任何連詞。而如果翻譯成因為則必須用連接詞語,即:I won‘t go unless he comes. 或者我們說:I will stay until he comes.
舉一個2001年考研的題目來看一下。
Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.(譯文:兒童將與裝有個性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有個性內置的計算機將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具,人們將在氣味電視前休閑,這時數字時代就來到了。)