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花了三個小時,把真題,真題來源那本書的那一章仔細讀了;一個字一個敲出了下面這些分析(太長了,我一貫的寫作風格:啰嗦!)。大家看看就好了。
考完了,奮斗過了,經歷過了。該歇會,收拾心情,準備下一次奮斗。
北京新東方學校 唐靜 上
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its inteyrity, they are entitled to continuance。
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing. 46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up of birds failed to control them. The evideuce had to be economic in order to be valid。
It is pamful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ethic yet, 47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. 48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species。
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops. 49)In europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason。
To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. 50)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts, It tends to relegate to government many functions eventually too large, too complex, or too widely dispersed to be performed by government。
46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up of birds failed to control them。
分析:
1.整個句子的主干結構是scientists jumped to the rescue,這里有一個很生動的動詞jumped,直接翻譯的意思是“跳著”,引申為“趕緊,急忙,迅速采取行動”。Rescue是“救援,援助”的意思,所以,即使同學們不知道“to the rescue”本身是一個習慣用法也知道怎么翻譯:科學家們急忙來挽救這種局面;或者翻譯為,科學家們迅速趕來救援。
2.With some distinctly shaky evidence是介詞短語作狀語,其中有一個比較核心的賓語詞evidence(證據),這個單詞在考研翻譯20來中考過兩次,分別出現在95年73題和99年的73題。所以介詞with應該翻譯為“用,使用”,因為下文賓語是“證據”,所以是“使用證據”,最好不要翻譯為“帶著證據”。而evidence前面的修飾語distinctly這個詞,是“清楚地,確實地,明顯地”,這個單詞在考研翻譯2003年63題考過,在本句話中,它修飾形容詞shaky。Shaky是動詞shake(搖動)的形容詞,意思是“不穩固的,搖晃的”,在本句話中它修飾“證據”,說明“證據站不住腳”。
所以這個部分合起來可以翻譯為:科學家們使用一些明顯站不住腳的證據,急急忙忙趕來救援?;蛘咭部梢灾苯臃g為:科學家們迅速趕來挽救這種局面,他們使用的證據明顯站不住腳。
3.to the effect that... 這個短語是整個句子最難翻譯的部分。Effect這個詞倒不難,考研翻譯考過了很多次,還考過這個單詞的不同形式的詞性,比如effective。但遺憾的是,大多數同學幾乎沒有掌握這個短語的意思是“with the meaning”,翻譯成漢語就是:“大意是,意思是說.。?!边@樣的意思。
4.insects would eat us up of birds failed to control them是to the effect that.。。所帶的從句,本身也是一個復雜句,但是很好翻譯,結構簡單,意義清晰。但是必須要指出兩點。其一,eat us up,可以直譯為“把我們吃光”,因為漢語語言本身不具有邏輯,比如漢語我們可以說“他今天把我吃垮了——言下之意是:我請客,他今天吃得夠猛,價格還很貴”;所以這個譯文應該是正確的。但是“蟲子是不能吃人的”,所以我以為最好翻譯為:吃光一切東西。其二,fail這個詞,千萬不要翻譯為“失敗”,可以翻譯為“不能做.。。”。當然,代詞them術語第三人稱代詞,最好指代明確,它指的是前面的這些“蟲子”。
參考譯文:
科學家們迅速趕來挽救這種局面,他們使用的證據明顯站不住腳,大意是說:如果鳥不能控制這些蟲子,蟲子就會吃光一切。
47)but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。
分析:
1.劃線部分是整個句子的后半個并列句,前面還有一個小句子,意思是說:我們還不具有一種土地倫理意識。But并列了后半個句子。We have at least drawn nearer the point是主干部分,比較好翻譯:我們更起碼接近了一點,得出了一種觀點。
2.of admitting…是一個of短語,修飾前面的“觀點”;但是由于admitting后面還帶了一個很長的that賓語從句,所以翻譯的時候,千萬不要把of admitting這個短語后面部分翻譯到“觀點”前面。這種結構,在2008年46題也出現過,也是我在09年年度的強化沖刺等班上強調得比較多的一點問題??梢灾苯影裲f…后面部分翻譯在“觀點”后面,用一個冒號隔開即可。
3.that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right是本句最難翻譯的部分,關鍵有一個intrinsic這個單詞,可能好多同學不認識,它是“本身的,固有的,內在的”等意思。這個單詞是出題人改寫出來的。大家可以看到,我昨天提供的李奧帕多寫的《沙郡歲月》原書中不是用的這個詞,這個句子在這里有很大的改寫。稍微回朔一下原文就知道,在第一段就出現了“Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and…”,所以這里的鳥類的固有權利是指其“固有的作為一種生物物種的權利”。這樣的話,這個部分就可以翻譯為:鳥類應該繼續享有其作為一種生物物種固有的權利。
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