第十七天：圖畫作文 功能必背---圖畫作文篇（2745字）

圖畫作文是考研大作文的主要出題類型，考生必須特別重視。目前已經到了考研復習的收官階段，應該從題材、結構、套話等方面加以總結。

一、題材

大作文所選用的圖畫一般涉及與人們的生活有關的社會現象和問題，主要包含下列題材：

1． 教育

2． 職業道德

3． 身體健康

4． 家庭關系

5． 環境保護

6． 人口增長

7． 文化交流

按照上述題材，歷年的考題可以分類如下：

1998年：職業道德；

1999年：人口增長與環境保護；

2000年：環境保護；

2001年：教育；

2002年：文化交流；

2003年：教育；

2004年：教育；

2005年：家庭關系；

2006年：教育；

2007年：教育。

由此可見，涉及一般品德與個性教育的題材較多。而且，上面的幾大題材通常是考試出題的重要方向。為了考試時有話可說，考生可以根據上述幾個題材準備一些各個題材常用的核心詞匯。例如，涉及贍養老人的題材時，可以積累下列表達法：

support one’s aged parents贍養年邁的父母

betray one’s own conscience違背自己的良知

shirk the responsibility推卸責任

pay back one’s parents’ love回報父母的愛

由此可見，根據題目的提示信息形式審題，按照不同題材準備核心詞匯，是寫好大作文的重要前提條件。關于寫作部分的核心詞匯總結，請關注后面的模擬練習部分。

二、結構

大作文的結構也非常重要，考生應該對照評分標準確定自己的強項，在考試時加以發揚，同時找出自己的弱項，加以克服。請看兩個重要的評分標準：

20-17分 內容切題，包括題中所列的各項要求；清楚表達其內涵，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結構和用詞正確，文章長度符合要求。

16-13分 內容切題，包括題中所列的各項要求；比較清楚地表達其內涵，文字基本連貫；句式有一定變化，句子結構和用詞錯誤較少。文章長度符合要求。

簡而言之，優秀的作文應該：

1． 包括題目中要求的全部要點；

2． 結構規范清晰；

3． 詞匯豐富、句子結構有變化。

當然，最基本的要求是不離題，而且字數（160-200詞）符合要求。下面以2006年大作文的一篇高分范文為例說明高分作文的特征，考生可以將自己的文章與之對照，從而對自己可以提高的地方有直觀的認識。

2006年大作文（關于崇拜Beckham的）

Directions:

Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1) describe the photos briefly,

2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and

3) give you point of view.

You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)

范文（來自教育部考試中心資料）

More and more young people are increasingly influenced by foreign culture. As can be clearly seen from the above picture, a young gentleman puts “Beckham” on his face. Another decently dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan to have his hair made in his favorite style. It is clear that the picture implies a common phenomenon in our society today: more and more people, especially the young, are endlessly chasing popular things, disregarding the cost that they must pay.

There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the main reason. Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Last but not least, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As a result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons for it, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.

As far as I am concerned, the spreading of foreign culture in our society is not a bad thing. But as a popular saying goes, every thing has two sides. This phenomenon is without exception. My suggestion as to the best way to cope with the problem is as follows. On the one hand, people should take a proper attitude toward this phenomenon. On the other hand, our society is expected to appeal to the general public to resist its bad effect. I am sure that my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

本文的得分是18分，因為它基本符合20-17分的評分標準：

1． 包括了問題中的三個要點：

第一段， 描述圖畫；第二段，闡述圖畫含義；第三段，提出建議措施。

2． 結構規范清晰

圖畫作文一般寫三段，各段的內容分配上面已經闡述。這是大的結構安排。本文做到了這一點。具體到各段，還有小結構的安排問題。例如，在第一段中，如果涉及的圖畫有兩幅，每幅圖至少用一句話描述。本文就是這么做的：

As can be clearly seen from the above picture, a young gentleman puts “Beckham” on his face. Another decently dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan to have his hair made in his favorite style.

在第二段中，一般根據題目的提綱的提示，要么闡述一段所說的現象的原因，通常寫2-3條，要么舉例說明圖畫所反映的問題。在本文的第二段，考生在首句交代本段要從三個方面闡述原因：There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon，接下來以三個關聯詞提示三個原因：In the first place…Secondly…Last but not least…。

在最后一段中，考生明確告訴閱卷老師自己提出了建議措施：My suggestion as to the best way to cope with the problem is as follows. On the one hand…On the other hand…。

3．用詞準確、句子結構有變化

像disregard （第一段末）、cope with（末段中間）與 appeal to（末段倒數第二句）等詞與詞組的使用表明考生的用詞比較準確。與此同時，像被動語態、形式主語、各種復合句的使用也說明考生的句子結構不單調。

除了上面的優點，范文也有一些不足之處，使它被扣掉2分。最嚴重的問題是：第二段的三點理由其實只是兩點，因為第二點 “Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things.” 僅僅是對第一點的具體說明，而非與第一點相并列的另一點。

綜上所述，一篇高分大作文既要注意整體結構上的完整與規范，如包含提綱中的全部要點，又要注意微觀上，即段落內部結構的完整。

三、套話

臨近考試，不少考生希望背一些模版，或套話，這是可以理解的。寫套話能湊字數，也能使自己的文章在結構上趨近大作文的要求。從這個意義上來說，可以使用套話，有時甚至必須使用套話。另一方面，套話過多，或者說全文都是一些空洞無物、不痛不癢，根本不涉及所考圖畫具體內容的套話，最終判分不可能高，甚至會很低。有鑒于此，我主張用套話提示文章的大結構、段落的小結構，具體內容應該自己填充。其實，即算是這樣，套話已經不少了。所以考生不要擔心自己的字數不夠。以前面分析過的范文（其中明顯的語法與用詞錯誤已改正）為例，看看哪些話是可以套用的。

More and more young people are increasingly influenced by foreign culture. As can be clearly seen from the above picture, a young gentleman has put “Beckham” on his face. Another decently dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan to have his hair made in his favorite style. It is clear that the picture implies a common phenomenon in our society today: a growing number of people, especially the young, are endlessly chasing popular things, disregarding the cost that they must pay.

There are at least two good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the main reason. On account of this, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Secondly, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As a result, they can pay to do those kinds of things. There may be other reasons for it, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly accepted.

As far as I am concerned, the spreading of foreign culture in our society is not a bad thing. But as a popular saying goes, everything has two sides. This phenomenon is no exception. My suggestion as to the best way to cope with the problem is as follows. On the one hand, people should take a proper attitude toward this phenomenon. On the other hand, our society is expected to appeal to the general public to resist its bad effect. I am sure that my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

范文中的粗體部分稍做變更，是可以套用于任何圖畫作文的。光是這些句子就接近70詞?？荚嚂r如果寫160詞，就只需自己寫90詞了。如果對自己的寫作很沒有把握，上文可以套用的句子更多。例如，第二段末的 “There may be other reasons for it, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly accepted.”。

與套話有關的是對功能段落的背誦和模仿。所謂功能段落，簡而言之，就是用于完成一個要點的表述的段落。以圖畫作文而言，通常包括三個要點，那么它就包含三個功能段落：圖畫描述段、意義闡釋段與建議措施段。請大家從上面的范文中體會這三種功能段落。如果想進一步了解和模仿圖畫作文的功能段落，可以參考胡敏老師編著的《2008年考研英語高分作文》。

因此，套話可以用，但不能通篇都是套話。它們主要用于提示文章的結構，圖畫的具體內容與含義應該用自己的話進行簡練準確的敘述，這里的敘述也是最能顯示你的寫作水平的地方，不妨獨運匠心。

今天的結束語是：Let us explore the patterns in life（讓我們探索生活中的模式吧）。