1．根據詞匯搭配辨認結構

(1) It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
報告確定了醫院臨終關懷護理中存在的兩個問題：對病痛處理不力和大膽使用“無效而強制性的醫療程序”，這些程序可能會延長死亡期，甚至會讓病人臨終時痛苦不堪。

(2)In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
作為回應，學校也在調整課程安排，使授課能夠適應特殊兒童，適應那些不能從常規課程中真正獲益的兒童的需要。

(3) I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
我已從一個“獲得一切”哲學（琳達·凱茜過去七年中在《女性》這本雜志所宣揚的）的狂熱支持者，變成了一個樂于接受任何東西只要一丁點的女人。

(4) But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
但是，不管我們的子孫后代對我們離烏托邦的理想境界還差多遠有多么驚訝，他們的樣子會同我們差不了多少。

2. 根據語法規則辨認結構

(1) While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
在美國，這種趨勢一開始是對經濟衰落所做出的一種反應——出現于80年代后期縮小經濟規模所引起的大量人員冗余之后——現在這種趨勢仍被認為與節儉政治有關聯；而在英國，至少在我所認識的愿意簡化生活的中產階級中，卻有著不同的緣由去尋求使自己的生活簡單化。

(2) Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.
人與人之間的差異和利用差異進行自然選擇的機會再一次失去。

(3) The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
這種變革通過聘用大量專業人員來適應新時代的技術要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在過去這種低效率使得許多舊式家族企業在精力充沛的創業者之后的第二、三代手中破產倒閉。