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福建師范大學
全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考研大綱
總則
全國翻譯碩士專業學位教育指導委員會在《全日制翻譯碩士專業學位研究生
指導性培養方案》（見學位辦[2009]23 號文）中指出，MTI 教育的目標是培養高
層次、應用型、專業性口筆譯人才。MTI 教育重視實踐環節，強調翻譯實踐能力
的培養。全日制 MTI 的招生對象為具有國民教育序列大學本科學歷（或本科同
等學力）人員，具有良好的雙語基礎。
根據《全日制翻譯碩士專業學位研究生指導性培養方案》以及教學司
[2009]22 號文件精神，現制定全日制翻譯碩士專業學位研究生入學考研大綱。
.
一、考試目的
本考試旨在全面考查考生的雙語（外語、母語）綜合能力及雙語翻譯能力，
招生院校根據考生參加本考試的成績和《政治理論》的成績總分（滿分共計 500
分），參考全國統一錄取分數線來選擇參加復試的考生。
二、考試性質與范圍
本考試是全國翻譯碩士專業學位研究生的入學資格考試，除全國統考分值
100 分的第一單元《政治理論》之外，專業考試分為三門，分別是第二單元外國
語考試《翻譯碩士 X 語》（含英語、法語、日語、俄語、韓語、德語等語種），
第三單元基礎課考試《X 語翻譯基礎》（含英漢、法漢、日漢、俄漢、韓漢、德
漢等語對）以及第四單元專業基礎課考試《漢語寫作與百科知識》?！斗g碩士 X
語》重點考查考生的外語水平，總分 100 分；《X 語翻譯基礎》重點考查考生的
外漢互譯專業技能和潛質，總分 150 分；《漢語寫作與百科知識》重點考查考生
的現代漢語寫作水平和百科知識，總分 150 分。（考試科目名稱及代碼參見教學
司[2009]22 號文件）
三、考試基本要求
1. 具有良好的外語基本功，掌握 6,000 個以上的選考外語積極詞匯。
2. 具有較好的雙語表達和轉換能力及潛質。
3. 具備一定的中外文化以及政治、經濟、法律等方面的背景知識。對作為
母語（A 語言）的現代漢語有較強的寫作能力。
四、考試時間與命題
每年 1 月份舉行，與全國碩士研究生入學考試同步進行。由各招生院校 MTI
資格考試命題小組根據本考研大綱，分別參照翻譯碩士外語考試《翻譯碩 X 語》、
基礎課考試《X 語翻譯基礎》及專業基礎課考試《漢語寫作與百科知識》考試大
綱及樣題的要求，自主負責命題與實施。
五、考試形式
本考試采取客觀試題與主觀試題相結合的方法，各項試題的分布見各門“考
試內容一覽表”。
六、考試內容
見以下分別表述。
全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考試
《翻譯碩士 X 語》考研大綱
一、考試目的
《翻譯碩士 X 語》作為全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考試的
外國語考試，其目的是考查考生是否具備進行 MTI 學習所要求的外語水平。
二、考試性質與范圍
本考試是一種測試應試者單項和綜合語言能力的尺度參照性水平考試?？荚?br/>范圍包括 MTI 考生入學應具備的外語詞匯量、語法知識以及外語閱讀與寫作等方
面的技能。
三、考試基本要求
1. 具有良好的外語基本功，認知詞匯量在 10,000 以上，掌握 6,000 個以上（以
英語為例）的積極詞匯，即能正確而熟練地運用常用詞匯及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟練掌握正確的外語語法、結構、修辭等語言規范知識。
3．具有較強的閱讀理解能力和外語寫作能力。
四、考試形式
本考試采取客觀試題與主觀試題相結合，單項技能測試與綜合技能測試相結
合的方法。各項試題的分布情況見“考試內容一覽表”。
五、考試內容
本考試包括以下部分：詞匯語法、閱讀理解、外語寫作等?？偡?100 分。
I．詞匯語法
1. 考試要求
1）詞匯量要求
考生的認知詞匯量應在 10,000 以上，其中積極詞匯量為 6,000 以上，即能正
確而熟練地運用常用詞匯及其常用搭配。
2）語法要求
考生能正確運用外語語法、結構、修辭等語言規范知識。
2. 題型
選擇題或改錯題?？偡?30 分?？荚嚂r間為 60 分鐘。
II. 閱讀理解
1. 考試要求
1）能讀懂常見外刊上的專題報道、歷史傳記及文學作品等各種文體的文章，
既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事實與細節，并能理解其中的觀點
和隱含意義。
2）能根據閱讀時間要求調整自己的閱讀速度。
2. 題型
1）選擇題（包括信息事實性閱讀題和觀點評判性閱讀題）
2）簡答題（要求根據所閱讀的文章，用 3-5 行字數的有限篇幅扼要回答問題，
重點考查閱讀綜述能力）
本部分題材廣泛，體裁多樣，選材體現時代性、實用性；重點考查通過閱
讀獲取信息和理解觀點的能力；對閱讀速度有一定要求?？偡?40 分?？荚嚂r
間為 60 分鐘。
III．外語寫作
1. 考試要求
考生能根據所給題目及要求撰寫一篇 400 詞左右的記敘文、說明文或議論
文。該作文要求語言通順，用詞得體，結構合理，文體恰當。
2. 題型
命題作文?？偡?30 分?？荚嚂r間為 60 分鐘。
《翻譯碩士 X 語》考試內容一覽表
序號 考試內容 題型 分值 時間（分鐘）
1 詞匯語法 選擇題或改錯題 30 60
2 閱讀理解
1）選擇題
2）簡答題
40 60
3 外語寫作 命題作文 30 60
共計 100 180
全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考試
《X 語翻譯基礎》考研大綱
一、考試目的
《X 語翻譯基礎》是全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考試的基
礎課考試科目，其目的是考查考生的外漢互譯實踐能力是否達到進入 MTI 學習階
段的水平。
二、考試性質與范圍
本考試是測試考生是否具備基礎翻譯能力的尺度參照性水平考試?？荚嚪秶?br/>包括 MTI 考生入學應具備的外語詞匯量、語法知識以及外漢兩種語言轉換的基本
技能。
三、 考試基本要求
1. 具備一定中外文化，以及政治、經濟、法律等方面的背景知識。
2. 具備扎實的外漢兩種語言的基本功。
3. 具備較強的外漢/漢外轉換能力。
四、考試形式
本考試采取客觀試題與主觀試題相結合，單項技能測試與綜合技能測試相結
合的方法，強調考生的外漢/漢外轉換能力。各項試題的分布情況見“考試內容
一覽表”。
五、考試內容
本考試包括兩個部分：詞語翻譯和外漢互譯?？偡?150 分。
I. 詞語翻譯
1. 考試要求
要求考生準確翻譯中外文術語或專有名詞。
2. 題型
要求考生較為準確地寫出題中的 30 個漢/外術語、縮略語或專有名詞的對應
目的語。漢/外文各 15 個，每個 1 分，總分 30 分?？荚嚂r間為 60 分鐘。
II. 外漢互譯
1. 考試要求
要求應試者具備外漢互譯的基本技巧和能力；初步了解中國和目的語國家的
社會、文化等背景知識；譯文忠實于原文，無明顯誤譯、漏譯；譯文通順，用詞
正確，表達基本無誤；譯文無明顯語法錯誤；外譯漢速度為每小時 250-350 個外
語單詞，漢譯外速度為每小時 150-250 個漢字。
2. 題型
要求考生較為準確地翻譯出所給的文章，外譯漢為 250-350 個單詞，漢譯外
為 150-250 個漢字，各占 60 分，總分 120 分?？荚嚂r間為 120 分鐘。
《X 語翻譯基礎》考試內容一覽表
序號
考試
內容
題 型 題 量 分值 時間（分鐘）
1 詞語
翻譯
外譯漢
15 個外文術語、縮略語
或專有名詞
15 30
漢譯外
15 個中文術語、縮略語
或專有名詞
15 30
2
外漢
互譯
外譯漢
兩段或一篇文章，
250-350 個單詞
60 60
漢譯外
兩段或一篇文章，
150-250 個漢字
60 60
共計 150 180
全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考試
《漢語寫作與百科知識》考研大綱
一、考試目的
《漢語寫作與百科知識》是全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考
試的專業基礎課考試科目，其目的是考查學生是否具備進行 MTI 學習所要求的
漢語水平。
二、考試性質與范圍
本考試是測試考生百科知識和漢語寫作水平的尺度參照性水平考試?？荚嚪?br/>圍包括本大綱規定的百科知識和漢語寫作水平。
三、考試基本要求
1. 具備一定中外文化，以及政治、經濟、法律等方面的背景知識。
2. 對作為母語（A 語言）的現代漢語有較強的基本功。
3. 具備較強的現代漢語寫作能力。
四、考試形式
本考試采取客觀試題與主觀試題相結合，單項技能測試與綜合技能測試相結
合的方法，強調考生的百科知識和漢語寫作能力。各語種考生統一用漢語答題。
試題分類參見“考試內容一覽表”。
五、考試內容
本考試包括三個部分：百科知識、應用文寫作、命題作文?？偡?150 分。
I. 百科知識
1. 考試要求
要求考生對中外文化，國內國際政治、經濟、法律以及中外人文、歷史、地
理等方面有一定的了解。
2. 題型
要求考生解釋出現在不同主題的短文中涉及上述內容的 20 個名詞。每個名詞
2.5 分，總分 50 分?？荚嚂r間為 60 分鐘。
II. 應用文寫作
1. 考試要求
該部分要求考生根據所提供的信息和場景寫一篇 450 字左右的應用文，體裁
包括說明書、會議通知、商務信函、備忘錄、廣告等，要求言簡意賅，凸顯專業
性、技術性和實用性。
2. 題型
試卷提供應用文寫作的信息、場景及寫作要求，由考生根據提示寫作?？偡?br/>40 分?？荚嚂r間為 60 分鐘。
III. 命題作文
1. 考試要求
考生應能根據所給題目及要求寫出一篇不少于 800 字的現代漢語短文。體裁
可以是說明文、議論文或應用文。要求文字通順，用詞得體，結構合理，文體恰
當，文筆優美。
2. 題型
試卷給出情景和題目，由考生根據提示寫作?？偡?60 分?？荚嚂r間為 60
分鐘。
答題和計分
要求考生用鋼筆或圓珠筆在答題卷上作答。
《漢語寫作與百科知識》考試內容一覽表
序號 考試內容 題型及題量 分值 時間 （分鐘）
1 百科知識 20 個詞語解釋 50 60
2 應用文寫作 一段應用文體文章，約 450 個漢字 40 60
3 命題作文 一篇現代漢語文章，約 800 個漢字 60 60
共計 150 180
9
《漢語寫作與百科知識》樣題
第一部分 百科知識（50’）
請簡要解釋以下段落中劃線部分的知識點
1. 這次股市波動在全球都有一定的關聯影響，這說明全球化在逐步進
展。過去中國認為自己的市場是一個相對比較小型的市場，也是一
個正在建設中的、比較幼年的市場，或者說是在轉軌經濟中逐步發
展的新興市場。由于全球經濟一體化的進展，股市波動相互之間關
聯密切，這也說明中國的市場還需要加速發展，我們要進一步提高
直接融資的比重，進一步把資本市場建設得更好、更快、更加國際
化。關于流動性過剩問題。流動性偏多是全球的現象，中國也存在
流動性偏多的問題。美國財政赤字那么大，它那兒的流動性也很豐
富，產油國資金也很豐富。因此，資金面上的寬松是全球一體化之
下相互影響的現象。宏觀調控當局都應該重視這個問題，做好自己
的工作，對于過剩的流動性應該采取穩健的、適當收縮的政策。
2. 端午原是個防病防災的日子，卻因大詩人屈原增添了紀念層面的意
義，增添了愛國情懷和報國無門的悲情、齊心協力救助生命的悲壯；
因了陶淵明酷愛重陽，因了他酷愛的菊的勾連，重陽節衍生了“頌
陶”的文化意蘊，歌頌他“人淡如菊”的精神境界，“重陽無酒”也
成了知識分子安貧樂道的形象寫真。
3. 1994 年起，比爾·蓋茨開始了他的收藏愛好。作為擁有 600 億美元
財富的收藏者，蓋茨想買什么就可以買什么，而他購買藝術品似乎
也完全憑個人的興趣，沒有明確的學術或商業性目標。還有很多不
知名的微軟富翁也有收藏藝術品的愛好，這些微軟人囊中的巨額財
富和近乎瘋狂的收藏行為對美國藝術市場產生巨大的推動作用，證
明了微軟公司在文化市場中有多重要。一個軟件公司創造的巨額財
富使大量重要藝術作品流向微軟人手中，流向西雅圖。
4. 2009 年 3 月的全國“兩會”上，吳邦國提出，今年要著力加強社會
10
領域立法，繼續完善經濟、政治、文化領域立法。社會領域的公平
正義，變化并沒有那么快，我們只需要翻找出過去的研究和報道，
就可以看到今天的問題所在。例如，上文提到的新華社 2006 年那篇
文章中，對社會領域立法促進公平正義列舉了五個方面：一是保障
公民權利，尊重和保障人權；二是發展社會事業，提高公共服務的
能力和水平；三是健全社會保障，發展慈善事業；四是規范社會組
織，使各類具有公益或互益性質的社會組織，納入規范化、法制化
管理的軌道；五是重視社會管理，包括加強公共安全、應對突發事
件等。社會領域立法以促進公平正義，也許更加直接地體現了孟德
斯鳩在《法的精神》中強調的重點：限權。也就是保障私權利，限
制公權力。從新華社列舉的五項內容可以看出，每前進一步的關鍵
都是公私權界。顯然，在這方面還有相當漫長的路要走。
第二部分 應用文寫作 （40’）
根據下面的文字說明寫一篇 450 字左右的應用文，要求包含標題、正文、結尾
語、落款等幾個要素。
中國×進出口商會于×月×日至×月×日派人去××，了解了××汽車索賠
案的談判結果。根據中國××辦公室和對外經濟貿易部××司的指示，現要給其
上級部門即中國××辦公室的答復報告《關于××汽車索賠案談判結果的報告》，
要求介紹談判過程及結果，并指出產生“索賠案”的原因等。請以中國×進出口
商會的名義起草一份兼具情況性和答復性的報告，注意要寫標題、發文字號、主
送機關正文、結尾語、落款等公文要素。
第三部分 現代漢語寫作（60’）
根據下面的文字要求寫一篇現代文，題材不限（詩歌、戲劇除外）。
生活當中，有許多事情當你親臨其境之后，往往思想受到啟迪，身心感到愉
悅。偶然憶起，就如品香茗，又如含青欖，清香久遠，令人難忘??
11
請以“值得品味”為題，寫一篇不少于 800 字的文章。
12
《翻譯碩士英語》考研大綱
一、考試目的
《翻譯碩士英語》作為全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考試的
外國語考試，其目的是考查考生是否具備進行 MTI 學習所要求的英語水平。
二、考試性質與范圍
本考試是一種測試應試者單項和綜合語言能力的尺度參照性水平考試?？荚?br/>范圍包括 MTI 考生入學應具備的英語詞匯量、語法知識以及英語閱讀與寫作等方
面的技能。
三、考試基本要求
1. 具有良好的英語基本功，認知詞匯量在 10,000 以上，掌握 6,000 個以上的積
極詞匯，即能正確而熟練地運用常用詞匯及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟練掌握正確的英語語法、結構、修辭等語言規范知識。
3. 具有較強的閱讀理解能力和英語寫作能力。
四、考試形式
本考試采取客觀試題與主觀試題相結合，單項技能測試與綜合技能測試相結
合的方法。各項試題的分布情況見“考試內容一覽表”。
五、考試內容
本考試包括三個部分：詞匯語法、閱讀理解、英語寫作?？偡?100
分。
I．詞匯語法
1. 考試要求
1）詞匯量要求
考生的認知詞匯量應在 10,000 以上，其中積極詞匯量為 6,000 以上，即能正
確而熟練地運用常用詞匯及其常用搭配。
2）語法要求
考生能正確運用英語語法、結構、修辭等語言規范知識。
2. 題型
選擇題或改錯題?？偡?30 分。考試時間為 60 分鐘。
II. 閱讀理解
1. 考試要求
1）能讀懂常見外刊上的專題報道、歷史傳記及文學作品等各種文體的文章，
既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事實與細節，并能理解其中的觀點
和隱含意義。
2）能根據閱讀時間要求調整自己的閱讀速度。
2. 題型
1）選擇題（包括信息事實性閱讀題和觀點評判性閱讀題）
2）簡答題（要求根據所閱讀的文章，用 3-5 行字數的有限篇幅扼要回答問題，
13
重點考查閱讀綜述能力）
本部分題材廣泛，體裁多樣，選材體現時代性、實用性；重點考查通過閱
讀獲取信息和理解觀點的能力；對閱讀速度有一定要求?？偡?40 分?？荚嚂r
間為 60 分鐘。
III．英語寫作
1. 考試要求
考生能根據所給題目及要求撰寫一篇 400 詞左右的記敘文、說明文或議論
文。該作文要求語言通順，用詞得體，結構合理，文體恰當。
2. 題型
命題作文。總分 30 分?？荚嚂r間為 60 分鐘。
《翻譯碩士英語》考試內容一覽表
序號 考試內容 題型 分值 時間（分鐘）
1 詞匯語法 選擇題或改錯題 30 60
2 閱讀理解
1）選擇題
2）簡答題
40 60
3 英語寫作 命題作文 30 60
共計 100 180
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《翻譯碩士英語》樣題
I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)
Multiple choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’
decision to build a highway across the field.
A. contradict B. reform C. counter D. protest
2. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women
are in a _________.
A. minority B. scarcity C. rarity D. minimum
3. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January.
A. carries into effect B. takes effect
C. has effect D. puts into effect
4. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.
A. finance B. expand C. enlarge D. budget
5. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region.
A. concentrated B. extensive C. intense D. intensive
6. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.
A. forbidden B. rejected C. excluded D. denied
7. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________.
A. pull back B. pull up C. pull through D. pull out
8. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand,
always-available products and services that suit the customer’s _________ rather than the
company’s.
A. benefit B. availability C. suitability D. convenience
9. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.
A. mark B. signal C. sign D. gesture
10. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.
A. lightly B. sparsely C. hardly D. rarely
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11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better
than I can.
A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were
12. With some men dressing down and some other men flaunting their looks, it is really hard to
tell they are gay or _________.
A. straight B. homosexual C. beautiful D. sad
13. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.
A. so as to B. such as to C. such to D. as much as to
14. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.
A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came
15. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.
A. I was and always will be B. I have to be and always will be
C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be
16. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install
_________ solar heating device in our home.
A. some type of B. some types of a
C. some type of a D. some types of
17. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly
two days.
A. must take B. must have made
C. was able to make D. could make
18. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.
A. something but B. anything but
C. nothing but D. not but
19. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.
A. much more sportsman B. more of a sportsman
C. more of sportsman D. more a sportsman
20. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions
against him.
A. betrayed… take B. had betrayed… took
C. has betrayed… took D. has betrayed… take
II. Reading comprehension (40’)
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Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read
the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago
it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now
extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of
Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and
schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of
Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million
people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national
identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second
anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here
since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations
making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had
bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony
Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and
Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of
the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for
a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a
turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can
decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its
counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their
Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow
with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are
transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a
grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of
the poorest regions in Western Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard
of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting
self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new
icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous
foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru.
Cymru, which means “land of compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the
nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even
cell phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said
Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass
with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music
venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of
17
us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.
“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally
comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture
and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of
possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only
Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”
1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to
A. maintain the present status among the nations.
B. reduce legislative powers of England.
C. create a better state of equality among the nations.
D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.
2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means
A. separatist.
B. conventional.
C. feudal.
D. political
3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT
A. people’s desire for devolution.
B. locals’ turnout for the voting.
C. powers of the legislative body.
D. status of the national language.
4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national
identity?
A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.
B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.
C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.
D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.
5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is
A. people’s mentality.
B. pop culture.
C. town’s appearance.
D. possibilities for the people.
Passage B
The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those
awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is
understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the
demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the
18
sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems.
It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.
The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially everyone in the
developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became
possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of
daily living since caveman days—lack of food, warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to
terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare
systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.).
Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant
corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the promise—of lifetime
employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how
millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest
in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had
been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.
The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S.
business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge
Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM
ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply
incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our
economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest
levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized
that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.
A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control,
companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out
specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how
much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k).
the significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate
back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan
each year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth
when the employee retires.
Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in
employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those
accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each
employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some
Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a
company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the
Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the
company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second,
Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October,
when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.
But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily
overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than
in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s
what some of them did.
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The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed
economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be
impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift
back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured
economic comfort as a 20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their
bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.
6. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a
landmark in business history…”?
A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.
B. Because such events would never happen again.
C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.
D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.
7. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big
corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in
A. people’s outlook on life.
B. people’s life styles.
C. people’s living standard.
D. people’s social values.
8. Changes in pension schemes were also part of
A. the corporate lay-offs.
B. the government cuts in welfare spending.
C. the economic restructuring.
D. the warning power of labors unions.
9. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly because
A. the 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.
B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.
C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.
D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.
10. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?
A. The 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.
B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.
C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.
D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.
Section 2 Answering questions (20’)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions
which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write
your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.
20
Questions 1～3
For 40 years the sight of thousands of youngsters striding across the open moorland has
been as much an annual fixture as spring itself. But the 2,400 school pupils who join the grueling
Dartmoor Ten Tors Challenge next Saturday may be among the last to take part in the May
tradition. The trek faces growing criticism from environmentalists who fear that the presence of
so many walkers on one weekend threatens the survival of some of Dartmoor ’s internationally
rare bird species.
The Ten Tors Challenge takes place in the middle of the breeding season, when the slightest
disturbance can jeopardize birds’ chances of reproducing successfully. Experts at the RSPB and
the Dartmoor National Park Authority fear that the walkers could frighten birds and even crush
eggs. They are now calling for the event to be moved to the autumn, when the breeding season is
over and chicks should be well established. Organisers of the event, which is led by about 400
Territorial Army volunteers, say moving it would be impractical for several reasons and would
mean pupils could not train properly for the 55-mile trek. Dartmoor is home to 10 rare species of
ground-nesting birds, including golden plovers, dunlins and lapwings. In some cases, species are
either down to their last two pairs on the moor or are facing a nationwide decline.
Emma Parkin, South-west spokeswoman for the PASPB, took part in the challenge as a
schoolgirl. She said the society had no objections to the event itself but simply wanted it moved
to another time of year. “It is a wonderful activity for the children who take part but, having
thousands of people walking past in one weekend when birds are breeding is hardly ideal,” she
said. “We would prefer it to take place after the breeding and nesting season is over. There is a
risk of destruction and disturbance. If the walkers put a foot in the wrong place they can crush
the eggs and if there is sufficient disturbance the birds might abandon the nest.” Helen Booker,
an RSPB upland conservation officer, said there was no research into the scale of the damage but
there was little doubt the walk was detrimental. “If people are tramping past continually it can
harm the chances of successful nesting. There is also the fear of direct trampling of eggs.” A
spokesman for the Dartmoor National Park Authority said the breeding season on the moor
lasted from early March to mid-July, and the Ten Tors Challenge created the potential for
disturbance for March, when participants start training.
To move the event to the autumn was difficult because children would be on holiday during
the training period. There was a possibility that some schools in the Southwest move to a
four-term year in 2004, “but until then any change was unlikely. The authority last surveyed bird
life on Dartmoor two year ago and if the next survey showed any further decline, it would
increase pressure to move the Challenge,” he said.
Major Mike Pether, secretary of the army committee that organises the Challenge, said the
event could be moved if there was the popular will. “The Ten Tors has been running for 42 years
and it has always been at this time of the year. It is almost in tablets of stone but that’s not to say
we won’t consider moving if there is a consensus in favour. However, although the RSPB would
like it moved, 75 per cent of the people who take part want it to stay as it is,” he said. Major
Pether said the trek could not be moved to earlier in the year because it would conflict with the
lambing season, most of the children were on holiday in the summer, and the winter weather
was too harsh.
Datmoor National Park occupies some 54 sq km of hills topped by granite outcrops known
21
as “Tors” with the highest Tor-capped hill reaching 621m. The valleys and dips between the hills
are often sites of bogs to snare the unwary hiker. The moor has long been used by the British
Army as a training and firing range. The origin of the event stretches back to 1959 when three
Army officers exercising on the moor thought it would provide a challenge for civilians as well as
soldiers. In the first year 203 youngsters took up the challenges. Since then teams, depending on
age and ability, face hikes of 35, 45 or 55 miles between 10 nominated Tors over two days. They
are expected to carry everything they need to survive.
1. What is the Ten Tors Challenge? Give a brief introduction of its location and history.
2. Why is it suggested that the event be moved to the autumn or other seasons?
3. What are the difficulties if the event is moved to the autumn or other seasons?
Questions 4～5
Mike and Adam Hurewitz grew up together on Long Island, in the suburbs of New York City.
They were very close, even for brothers. So when Adam’s liver started failing, Mike offered to give
him half of his. The operation saved Adam’s life. But Mike, who went into the hospital in
seemingly excellent health, developed a complication—perhaps a blood colt—and died last week.
He was 57. Mike Hurewitz’s death has prompted a lot of soul searching in the transplant
community. Was it a tragic fluke or a sign that transplant surgery has reached some kind of
ethical limit? The Mount Sinai Medical Center, the New York City hospital where the complex
double operation was performed, has put on hold its adult living donor liver transplant program,
pending a review of Hurewitz’s death. Mount Sinai has performed about 100 such operations in
the past three years.
A 1-in-100 risk of dying may not seem like bad odds, but there’s more to this ethical
dilemma than a simple ratio. The first and most sacred rule of medicine is to do no harm. “For a
normal healthy person a mortality rate 1% is hard to justify,” says Dr. John Fung, chief of
transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. “If the rate stays at 1%, it’s just not
going to be accepted.” On the other hand, there’s an acute shortage of traditional donor organs
from people who have died in accidents or suffered fatal heart attacks. If family members fully
understand the risks and are willing to proceed, is there any reason to stand in their way? Indeed,
a recent survey showed that most people will accept a mortality rate for living organ donors as
high as 20%. The odds, thankfully, aren’t nearly that bad. For kidney donors, for example, the risk
ranges from 1 in 2, 500 to 1 in 4, 000 for a healthy volunteer. That helps explain why nearly 40%
of kidney transplants in the U.S. come from living donors.
The operation to transplant a liver, however, is a lot trickier than one to transplant a kidney.
Not only is the liver packed with blood vessels, but it also makes lots of proteins that need to be
produced in the right ratios for the body to survive. When organs from the recently deceased are
used, the surgeon gets to pick which part of the donated liver looks the best and to take as much
of it as needed. Assuming all goes well, a healthy liver can grow back whatever portion of the
organ is missing, sometimes within a month.
A living-donor transplant works particularly well when an adult donates a modest portion of
the liver to a child. Usually only the left lobe of the organ is required, leading to a mortality rate
for living-donors in the neighborhood of 1 in 500 to 1 in 1, 000. But when the recipient is another
adult, as much as 60% of the donor’s liver has to be removed. “There really is very little margin
22
for error,” says Dr. Fung. By way of analogy, he suggests, think of a tree. “An adult-to-child
living-donor transplant is like cutting off a limb. With an adult-to-adult transplant, you’re splitting
the trunk in half and trying to keep both halves alive.”
Even if a potential donor understand and accepts these risks, that doesn’t necessarily mean
the operation should proceed. All sorts of subtle pressures can be brought to bear on such a
decision, says Dr. Mark Siegler, director of the MacLean for Clinical Medical Ethics at the
University of Chicago. “Sometimes the sicker the patient, the greater the pressure and the more
willing the donor will be to accept risks.” If you feel you can’t say no, is your decision truly
voluntary? And if not, is it the medical community’s responsibility to save you from your own best
intentions?
Transplant centers have developed screening programs to ensure that living donors fully
understand the nature of their decision. But unexamined, for the most part, is the larger issue of
just how much a volunteer should be allowed to sacrifice to save another human being. So far, we
seem to be saying some risk is acceptable, although we’re still vaguer about where the cutoff
should be. There will always be family members like Mike Hurewitz who are heroically prepared
to make the ultimate sacrifice for a loved one. What the medical profession and society must
decide is if it’s appropriate to let them do so.
4. Describe in your own words the liver transplant between the two brothers Mike and Adam.
5. What is the major issue raised in the article?
III. Writing (30’)
Some people see education simply as going to school or college, or as a means to secure good
jobs; other people view education as a lifelong process. In your opinion, how important is
education to people in the modern society?
Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.
23
《英語翻譯基礎》考研大綱
一、考試目的
《英語翻譯基礎》是全日制翻譯碩士專業學位（MTI）研究生入學考試的基
礎課考試科目，其目的是考查考生的英漢互譯實踐能力是否達到進入 MTI 學習階
段的水平。
二、考試性質與范圍
本考試是測試考生是否具備基礎翻譯能力的尺度參照性水平考試?？荚嚪秶?br/>包括 MTI 考生入學應具備的英語詞匯量、語法知識以及外漢兩種語言轉換的基本
技能。
三、考試基本要求
1. 具備一定中外文化，以及政治、經濟、法律等方面的背景知識。
2. 具備扎實的英漢兩種語言的基本功。
3. 具備較強的英漢/漢英轉換能力。
四、考試形式
本考試采取客觀試題與主觀試題相結合，單項技能測試與綜合技能測試相結
合的方法，強調考生的英漢/漢英轉換能力。試題分類參見“考試內容一覽表”。
五、考試內容
本考試包括兩個部分：詞語翻譯和英漢互譯?？偡?150 分。
I. 詞語翻譯
1. 考試要求
要求考生準確翻譯中英文術語或專有名詞。
2. 題型
要求考生較為準確地寫出題中的 30 個漢/英術語、縮略語或專有名詞的對應
目的語。漢/英文各 15 個，每個 1 分，總分 30 分?？荚嚂r間為 60 分鐘。
II. 英漢互譯
1. 考試要求
要求應試者具備英漢互譯的基本技巧和能力；初步了解中國和目的語國家的
社會、文化等背景知識；譯文忠實于原文，無明顯誤譯、漏譯；譯文通順，用詞
正確，表達基本無誤；譯文無明顯語法錯誤；英譯漢速度為每小時 250-350 個英
語單詞，漢譯英速度為每小時 150-250 個漢字。
2. 題型
要求考生較為準確地翻譯出所給的文章，英譯漢為 250-350 個單詞，漢譯英
為 150-250 個漢字，各占 60 分，總分 120 分?？荚嚂r間為 120 分鐘。
24
《英語翻譯基礎》考試內容一覽表
序號
考試
內容
題 型 題 量 分值 時間（分鐘）
1 詞語
翻譯
英譯漢
15 個英文術語、縮略語
或專有名詞
15 30
漢譯英
15 個中文術語、縮略語
或專有名詞
15 30
2
英漢
互譯
英譯漢
兩段或一篇文章，
250-350 個單詞
60 60
漢譯英
兩段或一篇文章，
150-250 個漢字
60 60
共計 150 180
25
《英語翻譯基礎》樣題
I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target
language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in
English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’)
1. APEC
2. ASEAN
3. CFO
4. CPI
5. EMS
6. FBI
7. GPS
8. IPO
9. NATO
10. International Monetary Fund
11. most favored nations
12. Intellectual Property Rights
13. Certified Public Accountant
14. European Free Trade Association
15. International Atomic Energy Agency
16. 按揭貸款
17. 保健食品
18. 保稅區
19. 不正之風
20. 春運
21. 第三產業
22. 法制國家
23. 國際慣例
24. 貨到付款
25. 虧損企業
26. 減員增效
27. 聯合兼并
28. 留職停薪
29. 特別提款權
30. 市場準入
II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If
the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in
Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)
Source Text 1:
A physician starts playing a harsh mental tape in her head every time a new patient calls:
What if I make the wrong diagnosis? I’m a terrible doctor. How did I get into medical school? An
26
executive loses his job despite 25 productive years, he tells himself: I’m a loser. I can’t provide for
my family, and I’ll never be able to do it again. If these real-life examples sound familiar, you may
have a caustic commentary running in your head, too. Psychologists say many of their patients
are plagued by a harsh Inner Critic—including some extremely successful people who think it’s
the secret to their success.
An Inner Critic can indeed roust you out of bed in the morning, get you on the treadmill
(literally and figuratively) and spur you to finish that book or symphony or invention. But the
desire to achieve can get hijacked by harsh judgment and unrelenting fear. Unrelenting
self-criticism often goes hand in hand with anxiety, and it may even predict depression.
Self-criticism is also a factor in eating disorders, and body disorder—that is, preoccupation with
one’s perceived physical flaws. Many people’s Inner Critic makes an appearance early in life and is
such a constant companion that it’s part of their personality. Psychologists say that children,
particularly those with a genetic predisposition to depression, may internalize and exaggerate the
expectations of parents or peers or society. One theory is that self-criticism is anger turned
inward, when sufferers are filled with hostility but too afraid and insecure to let it out. Other
theories hold that people who scold themselves are acting out guilt or shame or subconsciously
shielding themselves against criticism from others: You can’t tell me anything I don’t already tell
myself, even in harsher terms.
Techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy can be helpful in changing patterns of
thought that have become painful. There are many patients, such as doctors, lawyers—who
believed that if they didn’t flog themselves, they wouldn’t be successful. And part of
psychologists’ work is to break through that belief by telling the patients that they usually
succeed in spite of their Inner Critics, not because of them. (360 words)
【Key words】
depression 抑郁癥 cognitive behavioral therapy 認知行為療法
Source Text 2:
農業是多哈談判的核心。發達國家和發展中國家都面臨壓力，但富國和窮國的壓力是不
同的。在全球 26 億農民中，發展中國家有 25 億，而且大多數處在貧困狀態。即使發展中國
家有雄心、有誠意去推進貿易自由化，也不能不顧及幾千萬甚至幾億農民的基本生計。如果
讓那些已處于貧困線上的農民遭受更大的沖擊，將引發災難，屆時發達國家也不得安寧。因
此，應立即給予最不發達國家免關稅、免配額的待遇，應該給予發展中國家“特殊產品”和“特
殊保障機制”的待遇。
在推動世界貿易自由化的過程中，關鍵是要照顧大多數，要讓廣大發展中成員能跟上前
進的步伐。因此，要給予所有發展中成員特殊和差別待遇，并力爭在香港會議期間就棉花等
問題作為階段性成果達成共識。讓發展中成員“早期收獲”，獲得看得見、摸得著的好處，才
能增強多數成員對多哈談判的信心。 （344 words）
【關鍵詞】
多哈談判 the Doha Round negotiations 免配額 quota-free
27
樣題參考答案
《漢語寫作與百科知識》考試樣題
參考答案
第一部分：百科知識 （50’）
全球化：全球化是使產品或服務進入全球市場而進行的有關的商務活動，包括正
確的國際化設計，本地化集成，以及在全球市場進行的市場推廣、銷售和支持的
全部過程。企業通過全球化實現其全球化發展戰略，實現全球化業務，擴大市場
規模，降低服務成本，提升綜合競爭力，展現企業發展實力，增強用戶信心，樹
立市場形象。
新興市場：新興市場指的是發展中國家的股票市場。按照國際金融公司的權威定
義。只要一個國家或地區的人均國民生產總值（GNP）沒有達到世界銀行劃定的
高收入國家水平，那么這個國家或地區的股市就是新興市場。有的國家，盡管經
濟發展水平和人均 GNP 水平已進入高收入國家的行列，但由于其股市發展滯后，
市場機制不成熟，仍被認為是新興市場。
直接融資：直接融資是指擁有暫時閑置資金的單位（包括企業、機構和個人）與
資金短缺需要補充資金的單位，相互之間直接進行協議，或者在金融市場上前者
購買后者發行的有價證券，將貨幣資金提供給所需要補充資金的單位使用，從而
完成資金融通的過程。
流動性過剩：簡單地說，流動性過剩就是貨幣當局貨幣發行過多，貨幣量增長過
快，銀行機構資金來源充沛，居民儲蓄增加迅速。在宏觀經濟上，它表現為貨幣
增長率超過 GDP 增長率；就銀行系統而言，則表現為存款增速大大快于貸款增
速。
財政赤字：財政就是一國政府的收支狀況。一國政府在每一財政年度開始之初，
總會制定一個當年的財政預算方案，若實際執行結果收入大于支出，為財政贏余；
支出大于收入，為財政赤字。
宏觀調控：宏觀調控是國家為了保持國民經濟持續、穩定、健康、迅速地發展，
促進經濟結構的優化，引導推動社會全面進步而采取的經濟措施。國家能夠實行
強有力的宏觀調控。國家采取宏觀調控的手段通常有：（1）法律手段與經濟政
策，如：調整稅率，金融、財政補貼等；（2）計劃指導，如：國家大的投資規
劃，或在某些行業和領域實行配額制度；（3）行政手段，如：利用工商、商檢、
衛生檢疫、海關等部門禁止或限制某些商品的生產與流通。
28
端午：陰歷每年的五月初五是端午節。端午節又稱“重午節”、“端陽節”、“五
月節”、“天中節”、“天長節”、“地臘節”、“五毒日”、“娃娃節”、“女
兒節”等。端午節是我國民間三大飲食節之一。在端午節這天，人們以吃粽子表
示慶祝。
屈原：屈原（約公元前 304-公元前 278），戰國末期楚國人，杰出的政治家和愛
國詩人。名平，字原，丹陽(今湖北秭歸)人。 屈原的代表作包括《離騷》、《天
問》、《九歌》、《九章》、《招魂》等。屈原是中國文學史上第一位偉大的愛
國詩人，他的作品開創了我國詩歌的浪漫主義傳統。他的崇高精神和人格千百年
來感召和哺育著無數中華兒女，人民永遠景仰他，熱愛他。中國民間于每年農歷
的 5 月 5 日端午節包粽子、賽龍舟的習俗就是源于對他的紀念。
陶淵明：陶源明（365-427），字元亮，別號五柳先生，晚年更名潛，卒后親友私
謚靖節。東晉潯陽柴桑（今九江市）人。陶淵明是漢魏南北朝 800 年間最杰出的
詩人之一。陶詩今存 125 首，多為五言詩。從內容上可分為飲酒詩、詠懷詩和田
園詩三大類。陶淵明的作品感情真摯、樸素自然，有時流露出逃避現實、樂天知
命的老莊思想，有“田園詩人”之稱。
重陽節：農歷九月九日為傳統的重陽節。因為《易經》中把“六”定為陰數，把
“九”定為陽數，九月九日，日月并陽，兩九相重，故而叫重陽，也叫重九，古
人認為是個值得慶賀的吉利日子，并且從很早就開始過此節日。慶祝重陽節的活
動多彩浪漫，一般包括出游賞景、登高遠眺、觀賞菊花、遍插茱萸、吃重陽糕、
飲菊花酒等活動。今天的重陽節，被賦予了新的含義。1989 年，我國把每年農
歷的九月九日定為老人節，傳統與現代巧妙地結合，成為尊老、敬老、愛老、助
老的老年人的節日。
比爾·蓋茨：威廉·（比爾）H. 蓋茨是全球個人計算機軟件的領先供應商——微
軟公司的創始人、前任董事長和首席執行官。蓋茨出生于 1955 年，曾從哈佛大
學輟學創辦微軟公司。目前，蓋茨已從微軟公司引退，專注于比爾及梅琳達·蓋
茨基金會的慈善事業。
微軟：微軟（Microsoft）公司由比爾·蓋茨與保羅·艾倫創建于 1975 年，是世
界 PC 機（Personal Computer，個人計算機）軟件開發的先導，目前是全球最大
的電腦軟件提供商，其主要產品為 Windows 操作系統、Internet Explorer 網頁瀏
覽器及 Microsoft Office 辦公軟件套件。
文化市場：是指按價值規律進行文化藝術產品交換，和提供有償文化服務活動的
場所。是文化藝術產品生產和消費的中介。它必須具備三個條件：一是要有能供
人們消費并用于交換的勞動產品和活動；二是要有組織這種活動的經營者和需求
者；三是要有適宜的交換條件。
29
西雅圖：西雅圖位于美國本土 48 個州中最西北角的華盛頓州，是美國西北部重
要城市和海港。西雅圖已有 150 年的發展歷史，一直以來都給人以浪漫多情的印
象，好萊塢電影《西雅圖夜未眠》（Sleepless in Seattle）之后尤其如此。 西雅圖
的地標是為 1962 年在此舉行的世界博覽會而設計的太空針塔。西雅圖擁有領先
的經濟群體，其中微軟是世界上最大的私人計算機軟件公司，世界最大的飛機制
造廠家波音公司是該地區最大的雇主。
“兩會”：“兩會”是“全國人民代表大會”和“中國人民政治協商會議”的簡稱。
每年 3 月份“兩會”先后召開全體會議一次，每五年稱為一屆，每年會議稱 X
屆 X 次會議?！皟蓵闭匍_的意義在于：將“兩會”代表從人民中得來的信息和
要求進行收集及整理，傳達給黨中央?！皟蓵钡拇砦瘑T們代表著廣大選民的
利益，他們代表選民在召開兩會期間向政府有關部門提出選民們自己的意見和要
求。地方每年召開的人大和政協也稱為“兩會”，通常召開的時間比全國“兩會”
時間要早。
吳邦國：男，漢族，1941 年生，安徽肥東人，清華大學無線電電子學系畢業，
大學學歷，工程師?，F任中共中央政治局常委，十一屆全國人大常委會委員長、
黨組書記。
新華社：新華社全稱為新華通訊社，是中華人民共和國的國家通訊社，是中國最
大的新聞信息采集和發布中心。新華社前身是“紅色中華通訊社”，創建于 1931
年 11 月，1937 年改現名。新華社總社設在中國首都北京，全社的新聞采集和處
理系統由總社、國內分社、國外分社三部分組成。
法制化：法制化就是把法律規制的應用制度化、程序化，將這些行為納入到法律
規制的范疇，由相應的制度對其進行規定、制約，這既利于行為的規范化、程序
化，提高效率，也利于對其進行監督與約束，更利于保障人民的合法權利。
孟德斯鳩：孟德斯鳩（1689-1755），法國偉大的啟蒙思想家、法學家。孟德斯鳩
不僅是 18 世紀法國啟蒙時代的著名思想家，也是近代歐洲國家比較早的系統研
究古代東方社會與法律文化的學者之一。他的著述雖然不多，但其影響卻相當廣
泛，尤其是《論法的精神》這部集大成的著作，奠定了近代西方政治與法律理論
發展的基礎，也在很大程度上影響了歐洲人對東方政治與法律文化的看法。其他
作品包括《波斯人信札》，1734 年發表的《羅馬盛衰原因論》。
公私權界：公共領域和私人領域的劃分是處理國家和公民關系的核心問題之一。
公共領域歸公共領域，私人領域歸私人領域，前者通行民主規則，后者通行自由
規則，這個權界是一定要分清的。從社會學的角度上說，現實中任何一個社會人
都在從事著幾種角色扮演，譬如在一定的社會情景里醫生有時也是病人，記者有
時也是受訪者。因此這種角色扮演必須分得清楚，否則就會出現悖論與邏輯混亂。
在官員這個群體身上這種劃分必須體現得更加清楚。公權只能公用而不能私用，
其前提是對官員身份邊界及其背后的權力邊界的清楚定義。
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第二部分：應用文寫作 （40’）
這類報告內容要有針對性，不能答非所問。因此，主體部分即報告事項部分
依來文要求作答即可。結尾用“專此報告”或“以上報告，請審閱”之類的習慣
語收尾。
中國××進出口商會
關于××汽車索賠案談判結果的報告
××字?200-?×號
中國××××辦公室：
根據你辦和商務部××司的指示，我會于×月×日至×月×日派人去××，
了解了××汽車索賠案的談判結果，現將有關情況報告如下：
××進出口公司和××進出口總公司自去年以來訂購了××型載重卡車×
輛，其中，××公司×輛，××公司×輛。至八月底已到貨×輛。經使用，出現
車架大裂紋、鉚釘松動、輪胎早期磨損、擋風玻璃爆裂、木梁裂紋等嚴重質量問
題?！痢凉?、××公司當即組織了用戶和技術人員赴×××、××、×××、
××、××等省進行調查，經檢驗質量問題主要是由于×方產品設計和制造上的
缺陷造成的。兩公司為此對××公司提出索賠。為使談判成功，兩公司共同組成
聯合談判小組，和用戶統一對外索賠。同時我報社轉載了《國際商報》報道××
質量問題的文章，給××公司造成了巨大壓力，迫使他們改變了最初不認賬和企
圖敷衍了事的態度，于×月×日派了以常務董事為首的代表團來京談判。由于兩
公司準備充分，我方專家從技術上提出了有力的論證，經過半個月的談判，使×
方承認是設計和產品制造質量問題，同意全部退貨，更換“重新設計試驗、精工
細作、制造優良的”新車，并向我支付×日元（占全部車價的×分之一）的經濟
損失賠償金?！痢凉居凇猎隆寥赵谫r償確認書上簽字。
今年以來，我國從××和××進口的商品不斷出現質量問題，主要原因是這
些商人無視商業信譽，以次充好，以假充真。如××電器株式會社向××出口的
電位器生產線質量低劣，××、××進口的家用電器也有不少假貨、次貨。就我
方來講，由于近兩年來，家用電器進口數量大，交貨期短，除中央專項進口外，
各地方也競相進口，地方單位大多不重視進口商品檢驗也使外商產生重數量、輕
質量的僥幸心理，大量委托外加工粗制濫造。為避免國家損失，建議國家制訂《進
口汽車管理辦法》，并要求各部門、各地方切實執行。
以上報告如無不妥，請轉報商務部。
（公章）
×年×月×日
第三部分：現代漢語寫作 （60’）
答案略
31
《翻譯碩士英語》樣題參考答案
I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)
1-10 DABAC ACDDB
11-20 AABBD ACBBC
II. Reading comprehension (40’)
32
Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B
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